author(s)
Saeed Khan, Farman Ullah, Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Anwar Khan, Sana Zeb Khan, Muhammad Asif Khan, Irshad Ali Khan, Toheed Iqbal

abstract
Selective insecticides may improve conservation of natural enemies and therefore, contribute to the success of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. With regard to significance of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fab.)as a predator in the management of various pests, the basic studies on toxicity of four commonly used insecticides, Cypermethrin, Emamectin benzoate, Spinosad, and Neem oil against different stages of M. sexmaculatus were evaluated. The results showed that among the selected insecticides, Cypermethrin exhibited high level of toxicity by causing maximum egg, larva, pupa, and adult (66.67%, 83.33%, 76.67% & 86%) mortality, respectively. Emamectin benzoate proved to be the best one with significantly least level of toxicity against egg, larva, pupa, and adult (26.67%, 20%, 20%, & 30%) mortality, respectively. Spinosad followed Emamectin benzoate in toxicity against different stages of M. sexmaculatus (46.67%, 50%, 40%, & 44%) mortality, respectively. The results further revealed that Neem oil was highly toxic by causing maximum egg and pupa (80% & 86.67%) mortality, respectively. Thus, results show that there is a potential to use Emamectin benzoate in an IPM program.