author(s)
NA Tufani, JL Singh, Mahesh Kumar and VS Rajora

abstract
The present investigation was conducted in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar during January 2011 to December 2013 with the objective of early diagnosis of renal failure in canine by simple laboratory procedure of urinalysis. Microscopic examination of urine showed a significant increase in cellular component, urinary casts and crystals. The predominant crystals in the urine samples were triple struvite- 47.83% (11/23), followed by calcium oxalates- 26.09% (6/23), ammonium biurate- 13.04% (3/23), amorphous- 8.70% (2/23) and lowest was bilirubin- 4.35% (1/23). Urolith was present in 23% cases of dogs commonly in male- 86.96% (20/23) under 8 years of age- 78.26% (18/23). The chemical analysis of stones revealed phosphate, oxalate and ammonia suggested struvite, calcium oxalate and urate. Topography of urinary calculi under scanning electron microscopy was columnar shaped aggregation of crystallites, suggesting calcium oxalates. Approximately 70% of dogs with struvite urolithiasis were associated urinary tract infection with urease producing bacteria. Out of 100 dogs with renal impairment, 63.00% were having urinary tract infections. The most prevalent bacteria isolated from urine specimens were Escherichia coli (38.10%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.63%), Proteus spp. (17.46%) and Streptococcus spp. (6.35%). The most sensitive antibiotics were observed amoxiclav (85.71%), followed by gentamicin (76.19%) and ofloxacin (71.43%).