author(s)
Muhammad Qasim, Dilbar Husain, Saif Ul Islam, Habib Ali, Waqar Islam, Mubasher Hussain, Fangfei Wang and Liande Wang

abstract
The present study had evaluated the effectiveness of Trichogramma chilonis against Earias insulana in Okra field during 2014-16. The whole study was conducted by distributing ninety egg cards acre^-1 with 300, 400, 500 and 600 eggs.card^-1. The effectiveness of the egg parasitoid was boosted after the fourth-week release of T. chilonis at the rate of 600 eggs.card^-1, showing 43.09±0.51%, 25.65±1.59% and 39.13±1.48% control during 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Whereas, infestation in the controlled field was recorded up to 62.89±1.39% during the first year of the trial, and the next year infestation was lesser (39.83±1.19%) as compared to the previous year. Susceptibility study revealed that six out of ten insecticides were extremely toxic to T. chilonis in the laboratory, and other four insecticides (Triflumuron, Emamectin, Spinosad and Imidacloprid) were least toxic, causing only 10-24% and 12-44% mortality than controlled conditions after 24 and 48 hrs of application. It is concluded that parasitism is high in the fields of more eggs per card throughout the trial as compared to less number of egg inoculation. It is observed that Emamectin benzoate is a safer insecticide for Trichogramma.