author(s)
Shahid Mahmood Ahmed, Muhammad Saeed, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Usman, Rana Fartab Shoukat, Shuzhong Li, Yuxin Zhang, Lu Zeng, Junaid Zafar, Ali Akash, Rana Farjad Shoukat, Waqar Jaleel and Rana Fartash Shoukat

abstract
The present study was conducted in 2014-2015 to assess seasonal qualitative and quantitative losses by insect pests in different crop production systems of Brassica oleracea. The experiment was conducted on Entomological Research Area Young Wala, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad the experiment was comprised of five treatments each had comprised of 68 plants grown in four rows. Plant to plant and row to row distance was maintained as 0.84 ft² and 24 ft² respectively. First season experimentation results showed the highest yield of Brassica oleracea in grower standard (2.24%) cultivation method second season experimentation showed maximum yield (1.92%) in reducing risk pesticides cultivation method. On basis of results present study suggests reduced risk pesticides and grower standard cultivation methods are better than other treatments because less qualitative and quantitative losses were observed in these treatments.