author(s)
Nitin Raheja, Sanjay Choudhary, Sonika Grewal, Neha Sharma and Nishant Kumar

abstract
In the scenario of artificial breeding in cattle and buffalo, the superior quality male germplasm from elite bulls is exploited to maximum possible extent by artificially inseminating large number of cows and buffaloes merely from a single ejaculate. For this purpose, a good quality semen extender is required which plays an indispensable role in improving the post thaw semen quality in terms of sperm viability, motility, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity (PMAI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), sperm kinematics etc. Various semen additives are incorporated during extension of semen before preservation which imparts anti-oxidant and sperm membrane stabilization properties to improve post-thaw semen quality. The objective of this review is to disseminate the knowledge about the use of various types of semen extenders and additives in bull semen preservation to improve the extent of consuming superior male germplasm.