author(s)
Maneesh Kumar Ahirwar, MA Kataktalware, Kotresh Prasad, Ravi Prakash Pal, Deepandita Barman, Mayur Thul and Naval Rawat

abstract
Artificial insemination is one of the most valuable techniques implemented in bovine reproduction, and it greatly improves breeding efficiency. The semen quality is important in successful conception of the females. The farmers also looking forward for quality semen in order to increase the farm economy. The semen quality is affected by many factors, including the genetic and non-genetic factors. As the genetic factors are heritable traits and are difficult to control in short span of time. Whereas the non-genetic factors can be intervened and managed for better semen quality in bulls. The non- genetic factors are having a significant effect on the bulls performance and the semen quality. The main factors includes THI, season, age and testicular size. The current review compiles effect of different non-genetic parameters on semen quality in buffalo and cattle bulls.