author(s)
Sajad A Beigh, Wani A Ahad, Jaan Mohammad Wani, Mir Mehrajudin, Syed Mehmmod, Waseem Akram Malla, Shafqat Majeed Khan and Shah RA

abstract
The present study was carried with the use of reprogramming enhancers trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc), a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor on hand-made cloned (HMC) embryos. It was found that TSA treatment (50 nM) and 5-aza-dc (25nM) for 24 hours following oocyte activation, improved in vitro HMC embryo development. Cleavage percentage observed on Day 2, in case of TSA treated HMC embryos was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than non-treated controls (57.46%±2.02 v/s 48.02% ± 3.76). On day 7, the percentage of morulae was found to be non-significantly (p>0.05) higher in case of TSA treated HMC embryos than non-treated controls (42.98%±4.76 v/s 37.04%±7.18) while as the blastocyst percentage in case of treated group was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher than non-treated group (16.00%±3.91 v/s 3.33%±3.00). Cleavage percentage observed on Day 2, in case of 5-aza-dc treated group was found to be non-significantly (p>0.05) higher than non-treated controls (52.93%±2.58 v/s 48.02% ± 3.76). On day 7, the percentage of morulae was found to be non-significantly (p>0.05) higher in case of 5-aza-dc treated HMC embryos than non-treated controls (43.23%±5.23 v/s 37.04%±7.18). The percentage of blastocysts was found to be non-significantly (p>0.05) higher in case of 5-aza-dc treated HMC embryos than non-treated controls (6.55%±4.36 v/s 3.33%±3.00). In conclusion, the study revealed that both trichostatin A and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine have a positive effect as reprogramming enhancers but trichostatin A was found to be more potent reprogramming enhancer than 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine.