author(s)
Mousumi Bora, Gopu Akhila, Dahiphale Hanumant, KVN Rathnakar Reddi, Sunil Shebannavar, TVS Rao and GS Reddy

abstract
In the present study, humoral immune response in calves was evaluated by monitoring the serum antibody titres against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus in serum samples obtained from different animals at 0 and 28 days post vaccination (dpv), inoculated with a combined vaccine containing FMD virus and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) antigens. Serum neutralizating antibody titres for the vaccinated calves against FMD virus indicated protective immune response at 28 dpv. Evaluation of protective index (PI) against P. multocida in the combined vaccine showed protection with a PI of 10^4.8 in mice. The combined vaccine containing blend of FMD virus and P. multocida antigens complies to the standards laid down by Indian Pharmacopeia and can be used effectively to prevent FMD and Haemorrhagic septicaemia in bovines in endemic areas.