author(s)
Mohan I Naik, Basavadarshan AV, Boraiah B and Harsha HK

abstract
Human-animal conflict is the most devastating issue in the edges of the protected areas, and crop losses and livestock losses are the resultants of it. A household questionnaire survey (2017-2019) of farmers on animal and human conflict in the villages around the Savanadurga protected areas of Magadi taluk, Ramanagara District, Karnataka State revealed that highest per cent of conflict responses recorded in villages surrounding the Savanadurga (12.9%), Sidde devara betta (10.3%), and Chiluru (10.0%) human inhabitant sites. Among the vertebrate’s wild boar, monkeys, rodents, elephants, and birds expressed the conflict by crop damage and were more frequent. The maximum damage was recorded in banana (15.47-52.65%) followed by groundnut (15.64-48.76%), vegetables and fruits (8.21-36.78%), ragi (15.23-36.78%), red gram (7.45-23.32%), cowpea (2.3-10.56%). The damage and infestation were critical during the maturity, harvesting, and post-harvesting stages. Livestock was predated by the leopard, wild dog, jackal, and mongoose, and the predated animals were a cow, goat, sheep, and poultry birds. Erection of old color sarees around the crop, use of scarecrows, sounding through drums, F.M Radio as artificial acoustics, burning of crackers, use of a local dog, human guarding at night, use of local traps for rodents were the mitigating measures practiced by the farmers.