author(s)
Praveen Kumar Gupta

abstract
There are several minerals like Calcium-Ca, Phosphorus-P, Selenium-Se, Zinc-Zn, Copper-Cu, Manganese-Mn, Iodine-I, Cobalt-Co, Potassium-K, Chromium-Cr, Salt-NaCl etc. play important role in animal reproduction. Dietary Ca concentration is risk factor for milk fever and milk fever increases the incidence of many periparturient disorders such as dystocia, retained placenta, mastitis, displaced abomasum and ketosis. Deficiency of P leads to decline in fertility rate, feed intake, milk production, ovarian activity, irregular estrous cycles, and increased occurrence of cystic ovaries, delayed sexual maturity and low conception rates. Se supplementation reduces the incidence of retained placentas, cystic ovaries, mastitis and metritis. Se plays role in protecting both the intra- and extracellular lipid membranes against oxidative damage and protects milk lipids from oxidation. Cu and Zn have a significant correlation with reproductive hormones (progesterone and estradiol). Deficiency of iodine affects reproductive capacity, brain development and progeny as well as growth. Na functions in maintaining osmotic balance, in cellular uptake of glucose and in amino acid transport. Chromium improves sensitivity of insulin, resulting in increased uptake of glucose by cells in the body.