author(s)
Casimir Dossou Kpanou, Hermann W Sagbohan, Germain G Padonou, Razaki Ossè, Albert Sourou Salako, Arsène Jacques Fassinou, Arthur Sovi, Boulais Yovogan, Constantin Adoha, André Sominahouin, Idelphonse Ahogni, Saïd Chitou, Aboubakar Sidick and Martin Akogbéto

abstract
Monitoring vector resistance to insecticides is a major component of resistance management. Adults of Anopheles gambiae s.l. from larvae collected at thirteen sites were tested with papers impregnated with bendiocarb, permethrin; deltamethrin; pirimiphos-methyl and induced bottles of insecticide including bendiocarb; deltamethrin, permethrin and pirimiphos-methyl. Molecular analyses were performed and detoxification enzyme levels were determined for each study site. This study revealed a generalized distribution of resistance of An. gambiae s.l. to pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin) and a clear resistance to carbamates (bendiocarb) especially in the northern region of the country. This vector is still susceptible to organophosphates, especially pirimiphos-methyl, but resistance is a dynamic phenomenon and it would be necessary to monitor the susceptibility of these anopheles to pyrimiphos-methyl and to find alternative vector control methods to slow down the spread of resistance genes.