In Senegal, maize is grown mainly for its grain in the River Valley during periods of recession when seasonal flooding allows it. This commodity in culture is often affected by the ravages of bioaggressors, the most noted of which are Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera. Thus, this study seeks to know the diversity of the species encountered on maize.

The collection was conducted for seven days following trapping, capture and rearing methods. The insects were stored in labeled tubes containing alcohol 70. The identification was carried out in the laboratory using the IFAN collections. The Shannon and Pielou indices and the maximum diversity were determined. Also the tests of Fisher, Kruskal-wallis and Dunn were carried out.

During the period from the beginning of flowering to the beginning of maturation, the study focused on 590 individuals belonging to 58 species of insects from 24 families and 5 species of spiders belonging to eight orders. Heteroptera are the most represented in the sample with a proportion of 35.71% followed by Coleoptera with 26.43% and Orthoptera with 25%. The study environment presents an average diversity which is significant and a low regularity of the distribution of species at the beginning of maturation stage. However, this ecosystem is heavily dominated by pests including Piezodorus sp. So come to less Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera, Eysarcoris inconspicuus, Thrips sp, Creontiades pallidus. These pests encountered natural enemies including Geocoris amabilis, Anthicus sp and Nabis capsiformis.