author(s)
Renu Meena and Fatima Sultana

abstract
The availability of green areas in the urban environment has a significant influence on the support of biotic diversity and the provision of goods and services in the rapidly growing metropolitan areas. They are sensitive to the changes in the quality of habitats, pollution or human interference in the area which makes them good indicators of environmental health in these spaces. This review paper maps current knowledge on avian bio-indicators in UGS and their uses for environmental assessment and urban management. Based on the recent empirical research on bird diversity, community, and ecological roles in UGSs across the world, we summaries the conclusions as follows. We also described a case study of bird species, their distribution in relation to the habitat features and human disturbance in the five green areas of the Jhalawar district in the Rajasthan state of India. This paper underscores the role of structure, connectivity, and management in determining bird communities in urban environments. Looking at the case of Jhalawar, it is seen that number of bird species is determined by the vegetation structure, area and the degree of disturbance, where higher bird species are found in larger, complex and less disturbed green areas. We consider the implications of these findings for bird conservation in urban environments, and outline recommendations for the incorporation of bird monitoring within urban planning and management. Therefore, birds can be useful as bio-indicators for the evaluation and improvement of the ecological status of green spaces in urban environments and their conservation should be considered as one of the important tasks of urban environmental management.