author(s)
Sharmin Nasrin, Md. Parvez Hossain, Md. Niamot Ali, Shazid Rahman, Jashim Uddin and Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan

abstract
Goats are prolific domestic animals and are considered an indispensable component of rural livelihoods. However, surgical affections threaten their soundness and productivity, even leading to culling or death. This study has been demonstrated to observe and find out the occurrence of surgical affections among documented goats and their associated risk factors. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in ten upazilas in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and looked for surgical affections in 1000 goats. SPSS-25 was used to analyze the documented data. The overall prevalence of common surgical affections was identified as castration (23.1%), abscesses (13.9%), wounds (10.6%), fractures (8.9%), myiasis (9%), and navel ill (6.6%) regardless of breeds, sex, age, body condition, season and demographic location. According to breeds, the prevalence of surgical affections was 81.6% and 18.4% in Black Bengal goats and Jamunapari or cross-breed goats, respectively. The prevalence of surgical affections in goats was 62.9% in males and 37.1% in females based on their sex, and according to the seasonal influence of different surgical affections in goats, it was 43.5%, 35.4%, and 21.1% in the summer, rainy, and winter seasons, respectively. In addition, body condition, age of goats and geographical location also have an effects on the prevalence of different surgical affections in goats. Compared to adults with young ones, the most frequent affections were abscess, urolithiasis, subcutaneous cyst, myiasis, gangrenous mastitis, scrotal hernia, and vaginal/uterine prolapse in adults and navel ill and castration in young ones. The findings of this study highlight the variable risk factors associated with surgical affection in goats. Our investigation suggests that we should take immediate care against surgical affections of goats to improve their wellness or health condition and prevent production losses of goats.