author(s)
Mohan Kumar G and Kungumapriya R

abstract
This study investigates the effects of light exposure and diet composition on the growth, physiology, and biochemical profile of Tenebrio molitor larvae. T. molitor reared in continuous darkness exhibited the highest growth rate (2.3 cm by the sixth instar) and lower developmental time compared to those exposed to light. Nutrient-rich diets, particularly vegetable feed and fruit peel, significantly enhanced larval weight gain and size, with vegetable feed supporting the highest weight gain (55 mg by day 30). Biochemical analysis revealed that fruit peel contained the highest protein (59.5 µg/100 mg) and fat (38.5 µg/100 mg), making it an optimal diet for larval development. Larvae reared in dark conditions exhibited reduced stress, increased nocturnal activity, and enhanced feeding efficiency, while those under prolonged light exposure showed suppressed growth and increased stress responses. These findings highlight the importance of darkness and nutrient-rich feed in optimizing T. molitor growth, emphasizing their potential for sustainable protein production and waste bioconversion.